The calculated distance (air line) between Châteauneuf-sur-Loire and Besançon is approximately 182 miles respectively 293 kilometers.
By car or train, the actual journey to Besançon is certainly longer, as only the direct route (as the crow flies) between Châteauneuf-sur-Loire and Besançon has been calculated here.
Air line (approximately)
293 kilometers
158 nautical miles